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After a slow start, testing for COVID has ramped up in recent weeks, with giant commercial labs jumping into the effort, drive-up testing sites established in some places and new types of tests approved under emergency rules set by the Food and Drug Administration.
Rand Paul R-Ky. We asked experts to help explain why the turn-around time for results can vary widely — from hours to days or even a week — and how that might be changing. That swab goes into a tube and is sent to a lab. Some large hospitals have on-site molecular test labs, but most samples are sent to outside labs for processing.
More on that later. That transit time usually runs about 24 hours, but it could be longer, depending on how far the hospital is from the processing lab. After the RNA is extracted, technicians also must carefully mix special chemicals with each sample and run those combinations in a machine for analysis, a process called polymerase chain reaction PCR , which can detect whether the sample is positive or negative for COVID.
Some labs have larger staffs and more machines, so they can process more tests at a time than others. But even for those labs, as demand grows, so does the backlog. Problems with the first CDC test kits also led to delays. Large commercial labs like those run by companies such as Quest Diagnostics and LabCorp were given the go-ahead late last month by the FDA to start testing, too. Labs at some big-name hospital systems, such as Advent Health, the Cleveland Clinic and the University of Washington, are among those doing this.
In addition, the FDA has approved more than a dozen testing kits by various manufacturers or labs under special emergency rules designed to speed the process. The kits are used in PCR machines, either in hospital labs or large commercial labs. Roche won the first approval from the FDA for a test kit under emergency rules, and it has delivered more than , kits so far.
That varies. Large commercial labs can do a lot. LabCorp, for example, said it is processing 20, tests a day — and hopes to do more soon. Other test kit makers and labs are also ramping up capacity. Smaller labs — such as molecular labs at some hospitals — can do far fewer per day but get results to patients faster because they save on transit time. Even at such hospitals, the tests are often prioritized for patients who have been admitted and staff who might have been exposed to COVID, said Chahine.
His lab can process 93 samples at a time and run a few cycles a day, up to about , he said. Last week, it did a day, three days in a row. As the worldwide demand for testing has grown, so, too, have shortages of the chemical agents used in the test kits, the swabs used to get the samples, and the protective masks and gear used by health workers taking the samples.
At the front of the line, she said, should be health care workers and first responders; older adults who have symptoms, especially those living in nursing homes or assisted living residences; and people who may have other illnesses that would be treated differently if they were infected. Bottom line: prioritizing who is tested will help speed the turnaround time for getting results to people in these circumstances and reduce their risk of spreading the illness.
Still, urgent shortages of some of the chemicals needed to process the tests are hampering efforts to test health care workers , including at hospitals such as SUNY Downstate medical center in hard-hit New York.
Looking forward, companies are working on quicker tests. Indeed, the FDA in recent days has approved tests from two companies that promise results in 45 minutes or less. Those will be available only in hospitals that have special equipment to run them. One of those companies, Cepheid of Sunnyvale, California, says about 5, U.
Both firms say they will ship to the hospitals soon but have given few specifics on quantity or timing. But many public health officials say doctors and clinics need a truly rapid test they can use in their offices, one like the tests already in use for influenza or strep throat. A number of companies are moving in that direction. The tests are processed on a small device already installed in thousands of medical offices, ERs, urgent care clinics and other settings.
Abbott said it will begin this week to make 50, tests available per day. Even though lab-based PCR tests, which are done at large labs and academic medical centers, can take several hours to produce a result, the machines used can test high numbers of cases all at once.
The rapid test by Abbott — and other, similar tests now under development — do far fewer at a time but deliver results much faster. By Julie Appleby March 30, You must credit us as the original publisher, with a hyperlink to our khn.
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Thank you! Dan DeLong for KHN After a slow start, testing for COVID has ramped up in recent weeks, with giant commercial labs jumping into the effort, drive-up testing sites established in some places and new types of tests approved under emergency rules set by the Food and Drug Administration. Supply Shortages Are Slowing Test Production As the worldwide demand for testing has grown, so, too, have shortages of the chemical agents used in the test kits, the swabs used to get the samples, and the protective masks and gear used by health workers taking the samples.
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- Frequently Asked Questions: COVID Lab – Philippine Genome Center
New COVID restrictions for international travel and other activities are fueling consumer demand for highly accurate polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, tests with rapid turnaround times. Some clinics can deliver a PCR test result within hours, which these days can be as essential as a plane ticket for air travel. The downside?
It will likely cost you hundreds of dollars. The molecular-based tests, considered the gold standard for detecting COVID , are a reliable tool but can take days to process, particularly as cases of the virus surge and people queue up for testing. Unlike less accurate antigen tests , which can be used at the point of care and deliver results within minutes, PCR tests typically require the use of lab equipment as well as technicians who are trained to process and interpret the results.
Clinics with their own onsite labs can process results more quickly. COVID testing has spawned a veritable cottage industry, with medically minded entrepreneurs stepping up to meet increased demand — often charging top dollar to expedite PCR test results. Such services are undeniably convenient for those who can afford them. Yet they also underscore the ongoing constraints in COVID testing , which experts say is unfair for people of more modest means, and reflects wide gaps in insurance coverage for what's becoming a necessary tool for many people.
Clear19 Rapid Testing, founded in March in an effort to contain the virus before vaccines became available, offers the speedier molecular-based testing services for a premium. Clear19 uses a robotic lab that can process 90, specimens overnight, delivering test results to patients within 24 hours. That's why we can guarantee overnight results," said Sandy Walia, founder and director of Clear The company also offers same-day testing, which Walia called "the private jet of testing.
The price for a rush test result? Molecular tests are more sensitive than rapid antigen or lateral flow tests, meaning they detect the virus, including the Omicron variant , early and before an individual is contagious in some cases. They are gentle and non-invasive, meaning patients are no longer required to practically have their brains tickled with a long, thin nasal swab. Walia expects that current strict testing requirements for travel, which vary by country, will eventually loosen, and demand for overnight and faster results will recede.
But testing will remain crucial for preventing the global spread of new variants. But if this thing is still around for a little while, testing will be the only way to prevent global spread," she said.
Sameday Health, another testing outfit started during the pandemic, has also sought to expedite the turnaround time for COVID tests. Emad, who says the self-funded company is already profitable, thinks demand for PCR testing will hold steady as cases of the virus remain elevated.
It seems Omicron doesn't care if you're fully vaccinated or have the booster, we are still seeing breakthrough cases in people who have their triple shot, and we are here if we are needed," he said. Experts say U. Most insurance providers cover basic PCR testing services that deliver results in 48 hours, but that have proven inadequate for people who need their results faster than two days.
Depending on the clinic and patient's insurance plan, a portion of the cost of the rush test may also be covered. Earlier this month, as part of its winter plan to battle COVID, the White House said it would require insurers to reimburse Americans for the cost of over-the-counter at-home tests, in addition to those that are administered at the point of care.
In New York, medical provider CityMD is advertising three- to five-day turnaround times for PCR tests, the costs of which are fully covered by most insurers, according to the drop-in health services provider.
A five-day old test result is useless for someone who is en route to Canada, for example, which requires proof of a negative PCR test administered within 72 hours of takeoff. One reason for the widespread delay in delivering results likely has to do with staffing challenges , experts said. There needs to a broad strategic plan to monitor and ensure access to all types of testing and quick turnaround times.
Long delays can also make a test less useful if an individual has the virus and doesn't know she is infected. That's where the inequality could be further exacerbated by this," Columbia University's Chan said. Omicron variant sparks new safety measures. Please enter email address to continue.
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